Moore and More

Moore icon: an interview with Prof. Hanming Wu—challenges and opportunities in the post-Moore era

Lin Jiang, Mengjiao Li, Hanming Wu

2025, 1(1): 1-4. doi:10.1007/s44275-024-00003-2

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Manipulating carrier transport in static Schottky MSM structure via mechanical friction

Yahui Li, Zhiyuan Hu, Han Ren, Yangtao Yu, Mingyu Zhang, Mengqiu Li, Fei Wang, Sicheng Chen, Yuanjin Zheng, Zhuoqing Yang

2025, 1(1): 5-15. doi:10.1007/s44275-024-00012-1

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Expanding the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure to encompass a broader range of passive networks is crucial for enhancing the understanding of carrier transport theory and broadening its application scope. Here, a mechanism to modulate the Schottky barrier using mechanical friction is proposed to generate electricity. The findings reveal that contact electrification occurs between the MSM structure and the friction medium, leading to charge redistribution within the system and the application of a bias voltage across the Schottky barrier via a conductive bridge. The conductive friction medium, whether liquid or solid, functions analogously to a conventional physical bias in a Schottky barrier diode, enabling the efficient regulation of the carriers. Aligning the electronegativity of the friction medium with that of the MSM structure, in accordance with the triboelectric sequence, enables the Schottky MSM structure to switch between AC and DC outputs, further validating the proposed carrier transport mechanism. Additionally, we showcase a constant generator composed of a parallel diode array to harvest energy from droplets excitation and the generation of a control signal through solid friction. This work advances the theoretical understanding of the Schottky MSM structure driven by mechanical friction and highlights its potential applications in passive networks.

Impact of the alkyl side-chain length on solubility, interchain packing, and charge-transport properties of amorphous π-conjugated polymers

Qingqing Dai, Xingyou Lang, Jean-Luc Brédas, Tonghui Wang, Qing Jiang

2025, 1(1): 16-25. doi:10.1007/s44275-024-00008-x

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Increasing the length of alkyl side chains is a typical way to improve the solubility of π-conjugated polymers designed for use in solution-processed devices. However, these modifications have also been reported to alter the film morphology. Given that the mechanism leading to improved solubility is not well documented yet and the nanoscale (local) morphologies of amorphous π-conjugated polymer films are difficult to characterize experimentally, here, we combine molecular dynamics simulations and long-range corrected density functional theory calculations to examine at the molecular scale the impact that the alkyl side-chain length has on polymer solubility and film morphologies. As a representative example, we consider poly(thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-alt-3,4-difluorothiophene) (PTPD[2F]T) with two different lengths of the alkyl side chains on the thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) moieties, i.e., 2-hexyldecyl (2HD) and 2-decyltetradecyl (2DT). A detailed analysis of polymer-solvent and polymer-polymer interactions provides a picture that describes the underlying mechanism for improved solubility in going from 2HD to 2DT. We then underline an intrinsic characteristic that decreasing the side-chain length brings a greater extent of backbone planarity and lesser side chain-TPD interactions, which leads to higher interchain π-π packing density and order, while the interchain π-π packing patterns remain similar in the two films. These morphologies are discussed in terms of the charge-transport properties between neighboring PTPD[2F]T chains, which point to a higher electron mobility in the PTPD[2F]T films with shorter alkyl side chains. Overall, our findings offer guidance in the field of solution-processed electronic devices by pointing out that the polymer alkyl side-chain length could be minimized to improve carrier mobility while ensuring polymer solubility.

Band engineering in two-dimensional porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based covalent organic frameworks: insight from molecular design

Xiaojuan Ni, Jean-Luc Brédas

2025, 1(1): 26-39. doi:10.1007/s44275-024-00007-y

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Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) represent an emerging class of crystalline polymeric networks, characterized by their tunable architectures and porosity, synthetic adaptability, and interesting optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. The incorporation of porphyrin (Por) or phthalocyanine (Pc) core units into 2D COFs provides an ideal platform for exploring the relationship between the COF geometric structure and its electronic properties in the case of tetragonal symmetry. In this work, on the basis of tight-binding models and density functional theory calculations, we describe the generic types of electronic band structures that can arise in tetragonal COFs. Three tetragonal lattice symmetries are examined: the basic square lattice, the Lieb lattice, and the checkerboard lattice. The potential topological characteristics of each lattice are explored. The Por-/Pc-based COFs exhibit characteristic band dispersions that are directly linked to their lattice symmetries and the nature of the frontier molecular orbitals of their building units. We show that the band dispersions in these COFs can be tailored by choosing specific symmetries of the molecular building units and/or by modulating the relative energies of the core and linker units. These strategies can be extended to a wide array of COFs, offering an effective approach to engineering their electronic properties.

Heterogeneous and hybrid integration system in display technology

Sixin Huang, Haohui Long, Jianhui Li, Ziqing Zhou

2025, 1(1): 40-61. doi:10.1007/s44275-024-00001-4

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The development tendency of “More than Display” is proposed for the display and semiconductor technologies, and the new-brand architecture of heterogeneous integration system in display (HiSID) is established in accordance with the demands of third generation Micro/Mini-LED devices. Many functional units (e.g., display units, storage units, sensing units, communication units and computing units) are integrated into one display main-board based on the semiconductor technology and electronic packaging. The advantages and details of miniaturization, intelligent, advanced integration, signal integrity with low latency performance, process compatibility and reliability are introduced. The interconnection requirements and design of the HiSID model with artificial intelligence are also summarized in this paper. It will provide technical guidance and references for the commercial application, core technology, and breakthrough direction of the HiSID module in display technology.

Lithium niobate/lithium tantalate single-crystal thin films for post-moore era chip applications

Yixin Zhu, Qing Wan

2025, 1(1): 62-78. doi:10.1007/s44275-024-00005-0

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Lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO₃) are a class of multifunctional materials with excellent piezoelectric/ferroelectric, electro-optic, and nonlinear optical properties, which have wide applications in high-performance radio frequency filters, optical communications, integrated photonics, quantum information, and other fields. With the advent of the post-Moore era of integrated circuit technology, LiNbO₃/LiTaO₃ thin-film also shows great potential and advantages in new concept chip applications. High-quality single-crystal thin films lay the foundation for high-performance radio frequency, optoelectronic, and quantum devices and their integration. This review first introduces the main characteristics of LiNbO₃/LiTaO₃ single-crystal thin films, such as ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, electro-optic effect and nonlinear optical effect, then introduces the preparation methods of LiNbO₃/LiTaO₃ single-crystal thin films represented by smart-cut and their application progress in different fields such as waveguides, modulators, laterally excited bulk acoustic wave resonators, and quantum devices. The application prospects and challenges of LiNbO₃/LiTaO₃ single-crystal thin films in post-Moore era chips are also discussed in this article, aiming to provide valuable references for their development and application.

A perspective on boron-based multiple resonance narrowband emitters and devices

Mingxu Du, Jianping Zhou, Xiaofeng Luo, Lian Duan, Dongdong Zhang

2025, 1(1): 79-98. doi:10.1007/s44275-024-00006-z

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Boron-based multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) emitters have shown great promises for applications in high-definition displays. This class of heteroatom-doped nanographene materials typically show very narrow-band emission, small singlet-triplet split (ΔE_ST) values, high Photoluminescence quantum yield, quality chemical and thermal stabilities. Undoubtedly, boron-based MR-TADF emitters hold a leading position in satisfying the wide-color gamut standard of BT. 2020 (The International Telecommunication Union announced a new color gamut standard of broadcast service television for ultra-high-definition TV in 2012). Thus, the development of novel boron-based MR-TADF emitters attracted a great deal of attention from both academia and industry. Here, a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in boron-based MR-TADF emitters is presented, therein, rational strategies for molecular designs, as well as the consequent optical behavior and efficiency and lifetime improvement in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) devices are discussed. Finally, the challenges as well as some future research directions to unlock the full potential of this fascinating class of materials are provided.

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