Evaluating the potential of two-dimensional materials for innovations in multifunctional electrochromic biochemical sensors: a review

doi:10.1007/s44275-024-00013-0

Moore and More ›› 2025, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (2): 171-194.DOI: 10.1007/s44275-024-00013-0

Evaluating the potential of two-dimensional materials for innovations in multifunctional electrochromic biochemical sensors: a review

Nadia Anwar¹, Guangya Jiang², Yi Wen¹, Muqarrab Ahmed³, Haodong Zhong¹, Shen Ao¹, Zehui Li⁴, Yunhan Ling¹, Grégory F. Schneider², Wangyang Fu¹, Zhengjun Zhang¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;
2. Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands;
3. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;
4. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

Received:2024-05-26 Revised:2024-09-19 Accepted:2024-09-24 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-25
Contact: Wangyang Fu,E-mail:fwy2018@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn;Zhengjun Zhang,E-mail:zjzhang@tsinghua.edu.cn
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52073160), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFF01014706), and the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Z211100002421012).

Evaluating the potential of two-dimensional materials for innovations in multifunctional electrochromic biochemical sensors: a review

Nadia Anwar¹, Guangya Jiang², Yi Wen¹, Muqarrab Ahmed³, Haodong Zhong¹, Shen Ao¹, Zehui Li⁴, Yunhan Ling¹, Grégory F. Schneider², Wangyang Fu¹, Zhengjun Zhang¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;
2. Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands;
3. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;
4. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

通讯作者: Wangyang Fu,E-mail:fwy2018@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn;Zhengjun Zhang,E-mail:zjzhang@tsinghua.edu.cn
作者简介:Nadia Anwar is a doctoral researcher at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. She is working on evaluating the optical and electrochemical properties of nanostructured materials for electrochromic devices under the supervision of Assoc. Prof. Wangyang Fu and Prof. Zhengjun Zhang.
Guangya Jiang is a Ph.D. candidate at Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands. He is working on graphene nanoscience under the supervision of Assoc. Prof. Grégory Schneider and Prof. Alexander Kros. He is also co-supervised by Assoc. Prof. Wangyang Fu from Tsinghua University. His research interests include ionic electronics of graphene and other 2D materials.
Yi Wen is a Ph.D. candidate at the School of Pharmacy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. She is working on electrochemical sensing under the guidance of Prof. Xiaoyan Zhang and Assoc. Prof. Wangyang Fu. Her research interests include photocatalytic removal of heavy metals and electrochemical sensing Muqarrab Ahmed is a Ph.D. candidate at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. His research interests include reproducible nanomaterials via a microfluidic approach for industrialscale applications.
Haodong Zhong is a Ph.D. candidate at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He is working on the optical properties and applications of phase change materials under the supervision of Prof. Zhengjun Zhang. Shen Ao is currently an engineer at HHGrace, Shanghai, China. He received his doctoral degree from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China in 2024. His areas of research include graphene-based biochemical sensors and nanostructure deposition.
Zehui Li is currently an assistant professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. He received his Ph.D. degree from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (2020) under the supervision of Prof. Jingkun Jiang and Prof. Ning Duan. He then worked as a postdoctoral fellow (2020–2023) and research associate professor (2022– 2023) in Prof. Kaihui Liu’s group at Peking University, Beijing, China. His research focuses on manufacturing and modulation of atomic materials and their applications in environmental sensing and catalysis. He is also promoting the industrialization of sensors and building sensor networks for tracing the source of atmospheric pollutants.
Yunhan Ling is currently an associate professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He received his Ph.D. from University of Science and Technology Beijing in 2001. His research interests include nanomaterials and electrochemical sensors.
Gregory F. Schnéider is currently associate professor at the Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands. He received his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Strasbourg, France in 2005. In 2014, he received an ERC starting grant from the European Research Council and a VIDI grant from Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) to carry out chemical and biological research with graphene. Prior to joining the Leiden faculty in 2013, he was a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard University with Prof. George Whitesides and at Delft University of Technology with Prof. Cees Dekker. His research interests include chemistry and physics of nanopores, graphene, 2D materials chemistry, nanotechnology, bionanotechnology, surface and interfacial chemistry, physical and organic chemistry, materials science, biophysical chemistry, nanofluidics, and self-assembly.
Wangyang Fu is currently an associate professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He received his doctoral degree in physics from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China in 2009. His research interests focus on nanoelectronic biochemical sensing.
基金资助:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52073160), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFF01014706), and the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Z211100002421012).

Abstract

Abstract: In this review, the current advancements in electrochromic sensors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials with rich chemical and physical properties are critically examined. By summarizing the current trends in and prospects for utilizing multifunctional electrochromic devices (ECDs) in environmental monitoring, food quality control, medical diagnosis, and life science-related investigations, we explore the potential of using 2D materials for rational design of ECDs with compelling electrical and optical properties for biochemical sensing applications.

Key words: Electrochromic device, Electrochemistry, Optical properties, Multifunctional biochemical sensors, 2D materials

摘要： In this review, the current advancements in electrochromic sensors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials with rich chemical and physical properties are critically examined. By summarizing the current trends in and prospects for utilizing multifunctional electrochromic devices (ECDs) in environmental monitoring, food quality control, medical diagnosis, and life science-related investigations, we explore the potential of using 2D materials for rational design of ECDs with compelling electrical and optical properties for biochemical sensing applications.

关键词: Electrochromic device, Electrochemistry, Optical properties, Multifunctional biochemical sensors, 2D materials

Nadia Anwar, Guangya Jiang, Yi Wen, Muqarrab Ahmed, Haodong Zhong, Shen Ao, Zehui Li, Yunhan Ling, Grégory F. Schneider, Wangyang Fu, Zhengjun Zhang. Evaluating the potential of two-dimensional materials for innovations in multifunctional electrochromic biochemical sensors: a review[J]. Moore and More, 2025, 1(2): 171-194.

References

[1] Cai Y, Yang B, Ji J, Sun F, Zhao Y, Yu L et al (2022) A universal tandem device of DC-driven electrochromism and AC-driven electroluminescence for multi-functional smart windows. Adv Mater Technol 8:2201682. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202201682
[2] Granqvist CG (2014) Electrochromics for smart windows: Oxide-based thin films and devices. Thin Solid Films 564:1-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.02.002
[3] Balendhran S, Walia S, Nili H, Ou JZ, Zhuiykov S, Kaner RB et al (2013) Two‐dimensional molybdenum trioxide and dichalcogenides. Adv Func Mater 23:3952-3970. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201300125
[4] Sharma R, Sharma M, Goswamy J (2022) Synthesis and characterization of MoS₂/WO₃ nanocomposite for electrochromic device application. Int J Energy Res 46:22176-22187. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.8726
[5] Chen X, Zhang H, Li W, Xiao Y, Ge Z, Li Y et al (2022) Electro-optical performance of all solid state electrochromic devices with NaF electrolytes. Mater Lett 324:132692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132692
[6] Zohrevand N, Madrakian T, Ghoorchian A, Afkhami A (2022) Simple electrochromic sensor for the determination of amines based on the proton sensitivity of polyaniline film. Electrochim Acta 427:140856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140856
[7] Bi S, Jin W, Han X, Cao X, He Z, Asare-Yeboah K et al (2022) Ultra-fast-responsivity with sharp contrast integrated flexible piezo electrochromic based tactile sensing display. Nano Energy 102:107629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107629
[8] Xiao M, Wei S, Chen J, Tian J, Brooks III CL, Marsh ENG et al (2019) Molecular mechanisms of interactions between monolayered transition metal dichalcogenides and biological molecules. J Am Chem Soc 141:9980-9988. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b03641
[9] Rao C, Gopalakrishnan K, Maitra U (2015) Comparative study of potential applications of graphene, MoS₂, and other two-dimensional materials in energy devices, sensors, and related areas. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:7809-7832. https://doi.org/10.1021/am509096x
[10] Li Y, Yang B, Xu S, Huang B, Duan W (2022) Emergent phenomena in magnetic two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures. ACS Appl Electron Mater 4: 3278-3302. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.2c00419
[11] Mphuthi N, Sikhwivhilu L, Ray SS (2022) Functionalization of 2D MoS₂ nanosheets with various metal and metal oxide nanostructures: their properties and application in electrochemical sensors. Biosensors 12:386. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12060386
[12] Li T, Shang D, Gao S, Wang B, Kong H, Yang G et al (2022) Two-dimensional material-based electrochemical sensors/biosensors for food safety and biomolecular detection. Biosensors 12:314. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050314
[13] Kalia S, Rana DS, Thakur N, Singh D, Kumar R, Singh RK et al. (2022) Two-dimensional layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) heterostructures modified with Fe₃O₄ for electrochemical sensing of epinephrine. Mater Chem Phys 287: 126274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126274
[14] Jiao L, Xu W, Wu Y, Yan H, Gu W, Du D et al (2021) Single-atom catalysts boost signal amplification for biosensing. Chem Soc Rev 50:750-765. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CS00367K
[15] Zribi R, Foti A, Donato MG, Gucciardi PG, Neri G (2022) Electrochemical and sensing properties of 2D-MoS₂ nanosheets produced via liquid cascade centrifugation. Electrochim Acta 436:141433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141433
[16] Tsuboi A, Nakamura K, Kobayashi N (2014) Multicolor electrochromism showing three primary color states (cyan-magenta-yellow) based on size-and shape-controlled silver nanoparticles. Chem Mater 26:6477-6485. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5039039
[17] Barile CJ, Slotcavage DJ, Hou J, Strand MT, Hernandez TS, McGehee MD (2017) Dynamic windows with neutral color, high contrast, and excellent durability using reversible metal electrodeposition. Joule 1:133-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.06.001
[18] Eren E, Karaca GY, Koc U, Oksuz L, Oksuz AU (2017) Electrochromic characteristics of radio frequency plasma sputtered WO₃ thin films onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Thin Solid Films 634:40-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2017.05.009
[19] Akkurt N, Pat S, Mohammadigharehbagh R, Olkun A, Korkmaz Ş (2020) Electrochromic properties of graphene doped Nb₂O₅ thin film. ECS J Solid State Sci Technol 9:125004. https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/abd079
[20] Xiong S, Li Z, Gong M, Wang X, Fu J, Shi Y et al (2014) Covalently bonded polyaniline and para-phenylenediamine functionalized graphene oxide: How the conductive two-dimensional nanostructure influences the electrochromic behaviors of polyaniline. Electrochim Acta 138:101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.108
[21] Friend RH, Yoffe AD (1987) Electronic properties of intercalation complexes of the transition metal dichalcogenides. Adv Phys 36:1-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00018738700101951
[22] Iqbal MA, Malik M, Shahid W, Ahmad W, Min-Dianey KA, Pham PV et al (2022) Plasmonic 2D materials: Overview, advancements, future prospects and functional applications. In: Pham PV (ed) 21st Century Nanostructured Materials - Physics, Chemistry, Classification, and Emerging Applications in Industry, Biomedicine, and Agriculture. IntechOpen, London. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101580
[23] Choi W, Choudhary N, Han GH, Park J, Akinwande D, Lee YH (2017) Recent development of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and their applications. Mater Today 20:116-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2016.10.002
[24] Wang Z, Zhu W, Qiu Y, Yi X, von dem Bussche A, Kane A et al (2016) Biological and environmental interactions of emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 45:1750-1780. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00914f
[25] Singh NB, Hua SuC, Arnold B, Choa F-S, Sova S, Cooper C (2017) Multifunctional 2D-materials: gallium selenide. Mater Today Proc 4:5471-5477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.002
[26] Zhou J, Shen L, Costa MD, Persson KA, Ong SP, Huck P et al (2019) 2DMatPedia, an open computational database of two-dimensional materials from top-down and bottom-up approaches. Sci Data 6:86. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0097-3
[27] Li M, Wu Z, Tian Y, Pan F, Gould T, Zhang S (2022) Nanoarchitectonics of two‐dimensional electrochromic materials: achievements and future challenges. Adv Mater Technol 4:2200917. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200917
[28] Gu C, Jia A-B, Zhang Y-M, Zhang SX-A (2022) Emerging electrochromic materials and devices for future displays. Chem Rev 122: 14679-14721. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01055
[29] Tang X, Chen G, Li Z, Li H, Zhang Z, Zhang Q et al (2020) Structure evolution of electrochromic devices from 'face-to-face' to 'shoulder-by-shoulder'. J Mater Chem C 8:11042-11051. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc01132k
[30] Parvez K, Yang S, Feng X, Müllen K (2015) Exfoliation of graphene via wet chemical routes. Synth Met 210:123-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.07.014
[31] Xu X, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Zhuang J, Zhang L, Wang H et al (2016) Ultrafast growth of single-crystal graphene assisted by a continuous oxygen supply. Nat Nanotechnol 11:930-935. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.132
[32] Niu L, Coleman JN, Zhang H, Shin H, Chhowalla M, Zheng Z (2016) Production of two‐dimensional nanomaterials via liquid‐based direct exfoliation. Small 12:272-293. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201502207
[33] Yi M, Shen Z (2015) A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene. J Mater Chem A 3:11700-11715. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA00252D
[34] Pellitero MA, del Campo FJ (2019) Electrochromic sensors: Innovative devices enabled by spectroelectrochemical methods. Curr Opin Electrochem 15:66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2019.03.004
[35] Xiong J, Cui P, Chen X, Wang J, Parida K, Lin M-F et al (2018) Skin-touch-actuated textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator with black phosphorus for durable biomechanical energy harvesting. Nat Commun 9:4280. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06759-0
[36] Gao J, Li B, Tan J, Chow P, Lu T-M, Koratkar N (2016) Aging of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. ACS Nano 10:2628-2635. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b07677
[37] Huang W, Zhang Y, Song M, Wang B, Hou H, Hu X et al (2022) Encapsulation strategies on 2D materials for field effect transistors and photodetectors. Chin Chem Lett 33:2281-2290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.086
[38] Kandpal S, Ghosh T, Rani C, Rani S, Pathak DK, Tanwar M et al (2022) MoS₂ nano-flower incorporation for improving organic-organic solid state electrochromic device performance. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 236:111502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111502
[39] Chen WH, Li FW, Liou GS (2019) Novel stretchable ambipolar electrochromic devices based on highly transparent AgNW/PDMS hybrid electrodes. Adv Opt Mater 7:1900632. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900632
[40] Polat EO, Balcı O, Kocabas C (2014) Graphene based flexible electrochromic devices. Sci Rep 4:6484. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06484
[41] Wang Y, Niu H, Lu Q, Zhang W, Qiao X, Niu H et al (2020) From aerospace to screen: Multifunctional poly(benzoxazine)s based on different triarylamines for electrochromic, explosive detection and resistance memory devices. Spectrochim Acta Part A 225:117524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2019.117524
[42] Chen F, Fu X, Zhang J, Wan X (2013) Near-infrared and multicolored electrochromism of solution processable triphenylamine-anthraquinone imide hybrid systems. Electrochim Acta 99:211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.067
[43] Rai V, Singh RS, Blackwood DJ, Zhili D (2020) A review on recent advances in electrochromic devices: a material approach. Adv Eng Mater 22:2000082. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202000082
[44] Rakibuddin M, Kim H (2017) Fabrication of MoS₂/WO₃ nanocomposite films for enhanced electro-chromic performance. New J Chem 41:15327. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03011h
[45] Yu S, Wu X, Wang Y, Guo X, Tong L (2017) 2D materials for optical modulation: challenges and opportunities. Adv Mater 29:1606128. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606128
[46] Ahmad K, Shinde MA, Song G, Kim H (2021) Design and fabrication of MoSe₂/WO₃ thin films for the construction of electrochromic devices on indium tin oxide based glass and flexible substrates. Ceram Int 47:34297-34306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.08.340
[47] Gadgil B, Damlin P, Heinonen M, Kvarnström C (2015) A facile one step electrostatically driven electrocodeposition of polyviologen-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite films for enhanced electrochromic performance. Carbon 89:53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.020
[48] Novak TG, Kim J, Tiwari AP, Kim J, Lee S, Lee J et al (2020) 2D MoO₃ nanosheets synthesized by exfoliation and oxidation of MoS₂ for high contrast and fast response time electrochromic devices. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng 8:11276-11282. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03191
[49] Rakibuddin M, Shinde MA, Kim H (2020) Facile sol-gel fabrication of MoS₂ bulk, flake and quantum dot for electrochromic device and their enhanced performance with WO₃. Electrochim Acta 349:136403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136403
[50] Xue J, Xu H, Wang S, Hao T, Yang Y, Zhang X et al (2021) Design and synthesis of 2D rGO/NiO heterostructure composites for high-performance electrochromic energy storage. Appl Surf Sci 565:150512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150512
[51] Zhao S, Huang W, Guan Z, Jin B, Xiao D (2019) A novel bis (dihydroxypropyl) viologen-based all-in-one electrochromic device with high cycling stability and coloration efficiency. Electrochim Acta 298:533-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.135
[52] Eh ALS, Tan AWM, Cheng X, Magdassi S, Lee PS (2018) Recent advances in flexible electrochromic devices: prerequisites, challenges, and prospects. Energy Technology 6:33-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201700705
[53] Valurouthu G, Maleski K, Kurra N, Han M, Hantanasirisakul K, Sarycheva A et al (2020) Tunable electrochromic behavior of titanium-based MXenes. Nanoscale 12:14204-14212. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR02673E
[54] Yeon SY, Seo M, Kim Y, Hong H, Chung TD (2022) Paper-based electrochromic glucose sensor with polyaniline on indium tin oxide nanoparticle layer as the optical readout. Biosens Bioelectron 203:114002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2022.114002
[55] Yang P, Sun P, Mai W (2016) Electrochromic energy storage devices. Mater Today 19:394-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.11.007
[56] Xu L, Li D, Ramadan S, Li Y, Klein N (2020) Facile biosensors for rapid detection of COVID-19. Biosens Bioelectron 170:112673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112673
[57] Porcel-Valenzuela M, Ballesta-Claver J, de Orbe-Payá I, Montilla F, Capitán-Vallvey LF (2015) Disposable electrochromic polyaniline sensor based on a redox response using a conventional camera: A first approach to handheld analysis. J Electroanal Chem 738:162-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.002
[58] Yun TY, Li X, Bae J, Kim SH, Moon HC (2019) Non-volatile, Li-doped ion gel electrolytes for flexible WO₃-based electrochromic devices. Mater Des 162:45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.016
[59] Eggins BR (2002) Chemical sensors and biosensors. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
[60] Palenzuela J, Vinuales A, Odriozola I, Cabanero G, Grande HJ, Ruiz V (2014) Flexible viologen electrochromic devices with low operational voltages using reduced graphene oxide electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:14562-14567. https://doi.org/10.1021/am503869b
[61] Kuznetsov B, Shumakovich G, Koroleva O, Yaropolov A (2001) On applicability of laccase as label in the mediated and mediatorless electroimmunoassay: effect of distance on the direct electron transfer between laccase and electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 16:73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(00)00135-4
[62] Pellitero MA, Guimera A, Kitsara M, Villa R, Rubio C, Lakard B et al (2017) Quantitative self-powered electrochromic biosensors. Chem Sci 8:1995-2002. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sc04469g
[63] Ghindilis AL, Atanasov P, Wilkins E (1997) Enzyme‐catalyzed direct electron transfer: Fundamentals and analytical applications. Electroanalysis 9:661-674. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140090902
[64] Zhang Y, Li X, Li D, Wei Q (2020) A laccase based biosensor on AuNPs-MoS₂ modified glassy carbon electrode for catechol detection. Colloids Surf, B 186:110683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110683
[65] Fang A, Ng HT, Li SFY (2003) A high-performance glucose biosensor based on monomolecular layer of glucose oxidase covalently immobilised on indium-tin oxide surface. Biosens Bioelectron 19:43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00133-7
[66] Valiūnienė A, Virbickas P, Medvikytė G, Ramanavičius A (2020) Urea biosensor based on electrochromic properties of Prussian blue. Electroanalysis 32:503-509. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900556
[67] De Matteis V, Cannavale A, Blasi L, Quarta A, Gigli G (2016) Chromogenic device for cystic fibrosis precocious diagnosis: A “point of care” tool for sweat test. Sens Actuators, B Chem 225:474-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.080
[68] Marques AC, Santos L, Costa MN, Dantas JM, Duarte P, Gonçalves A et al (2015) Office paper platform for bioelectrochromic detection of electrochemically active bacteria using tungsten trioxide nanoprobes. Sci Rep 5:9910. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09910
[69] Wang S, Liu Y, Zhu A, Tian Y (2023) In vivo electrochemical biosensors: Recent advances in molecular design, electrode materials, and electrochemical devices. Anal Chem 95:388-406. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04541
[70] Jha RK, Bhat N (2020) Recent progress in chemiresistive gas sensing technology based on molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenide nanostructures. Adv Mater Interfaces 7:1901992. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901992
[71] Huang T-Y, Kung C-W, Wei H-Y, Boopathi KM, Chu C-W, Ho K-C (2014) A high performance electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen based on a rGO-PEDOT nanotube composite modified electrode. J Mater Chem A 2:7229-7237. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00309h
[72] Ahmad K, Kim HJMSiSP (2022) Synthesis of MoS₂/WO₃ hybrid composite for hydrazine sensing applications. Mater Sci Semicond Process 148:106803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2022.106803
[73] Haldorai Y, Kim JY, Vilian AE, Heo NS, Huh YS, Han Y-K et al (2016) An enzyme-free electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/Co₃O₄ nanospindle composite for sensitive detection of nitrite. Sens Actuators B 227:92-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.12.032
[74] Sharma AK, Pandey S, Sharma KH, Nerthigan Y, Khan MS, Hang D-R et al (2018) Two dimensional α-MoO_3-x nanoflakes as bare eye probe for hydrogen peroxide in biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 1015:58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.057
[75] Nasir MZM, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Sofer Zk, Pumera M (2017) Two-dimensional 1T-phase transition metal dichalcogenides as nanocarriers to enhance and stabilize enzyme activity for electrochemical pesticide detection. ACS nano 11:5774-5784. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b01364
[76] Parra-Alfambra AM, Casero E, Vázquez L, Quintana C, del Pozo M, Petit-Domínguez MD (2018) MoS₂ nanosheets for improving analytical performance of lactate biosensors. Sens Actuators, B Chem 274:310-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.07.124
[77] Pathania PK, Saini JK, Vij S, Tewari R, Sabherwal P, Rishi P et al (2018) Aptamer functionalized MoS2-rGO nanocomposite based biosensor for the detection of Vi antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 122:121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.015
[78] Lee J, Dak P, Lee Y, Park H, Choi W, Alam MA et al (2014) Two-dimensional layered MoS₂ biosensors enable highly sensitive detection of biomolecules. Sci Rep 4:7532. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07352
[79] Li J, Yan L, Tang X, Feng H, Hu D, Zha F (2016) Robust superhydrophobic fabric bag filled with polyurethane sponges used for vacuum‐assisted continuous and ultrafast absorption and collection of oils from water. Adv Mater Interfaces 3:1500770. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201500770
[80] Huang K-J, Liu Y-J, Wang H-B, Gan T, Liu Y-M, Wang L-L (2014) Signal amplification for electrochemical DNA biosensor based on two-dimensional graphene analogue tungsten sulfide-graphene composites and gold nanoparticles. Sens Actuators B 191:828-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.072
[81] Shuai H-L, Huang K-J, Chen Y-X (2016) A layered tungsten disulfide/acetylene black composite based DNA biosensing platform coupled with hybridization chain reaction for signal amplification. J Mater Chem B 4:1186-1196. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB02214B
[82] Hu Y, Huang Y, Tan C, Zhang X, Lu Q, Sindoro M et al (2017) Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanomaterials for biosensing applications. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 1:24-36. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6QM00195E
[83] Fan H, Wei W, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li K et al (2023) Wearable electrochromic materials and devices: from visible to infrared modulation. J Mater Chem C 11:7183-7210. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC01142A
[84] Köç Bakacak P, Kovalska E, Tüzemen S (2024) Graphene for switchable flexible smart windows application. Opt Mater 151:115302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2024.115302
[85] Liu L, Lenferink EJ, Wei G, Stanev TK, Speiser N, Stern NP (2019) Electrical control of circular photogalvanic spin-valley photocurrent in a monolayer semiconductor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:3334-3341. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b17476
[86] Li R, Li Y, Tian H, Liao P, Wang H, Zhang S et al (2020) Valley polarization in superacid-treated monolayer MoS₂. ACS Appl Electron Mater 2:1981-1988. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.0c00277
[87] Ma D, Wang J, Wei H, Guo Z (2018) Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
[88] Maggini L, Ferreira RR (2021) 2D material hybrid heterostructures: achievements and challenges towards high throughput fabrication. J Mater Chem C 9:15721-15734. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TC04253J
[89] Shanmugam V, Mensah RA, Babu K, Gawusu S, Chanda A, Tu Y et al (2022) A review of the synthesis, properties, and applications of 2D materials. Part Part Syst Char 39:2200031. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202200031

Evaluating the potential of two-dimensional materials for innovations in multifunctional electrochromic biochemical sensors: a review

Evaluating the potential of two-dimensional materials for innovations in multifunctional electrochromic biochemical sensors: a review

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 0

Recommended Articles

Metrics